First struck the metal with a heavy die, (usually copper) and into shape,filled with Cloisonn�powder, which goes into the grooves and the indentations of the emblems of the pin,then heated to well over 800 degrees centigrade. After heating, polished and treated on the surface. They are bright and shiny with the quality similar to fine jewelry. Each emblem or pin is very stable and suitable for the fastidious collector.